In this document, our goal is to disprove the claim that, God is the only eternal entity that can exist. Our proof is made possible with an interesting concept, space. However I personally believe that, n-eternal entities can exist but we need only one example to disprove the earlier claim that, God is the only eternal entity that exists. We will not go into n more than 2 entities infact we may never visit it as my goal has been achieved. But it will be interesting to explore.
This disproof is highly philosophical as I believe science alone cannot explain all things. It is difficult to explain the exact way the world beyond the physical is with words so for some words we will use to ascribe to those entities beyond the physical are highly symbolic - I'm just explaining something not showing the exact thing. I know majority of you will have a problem with this but...
We are all familiar with God (A supernatural being that is believed to be responsible for the creation of every single entity in the universe physical and beyond even time and space) so we begin by explaining space but we ignore time. I believe though space and time are deeply related and intertwine but they are two different entities. I can explain space independent of time and time independent of space...sorry Minkowski and Einstein.
Note that, the use if the word "physical" ascribes to physics, similar to Biological, Chemical and Mathematical.
The term space is used colloquially to connote our 3-dimensional world which contains physical objects but it goes beyond the 3-dimensional world we have in mind especially with respect to physical objects. These are just claims that show that only physical objects and more specifically, tangible objects can exist in space but it goes beyond that.
Light do not occupy space they say but which space are they referring to? The phsyical of course because it lacks some properties like mass, mainly. It is true to some extent because of the way physics defines space and the nature of our physical space.
Our physical space is not an empty space. It has energy - the vacumm energy. Even if you manage to remove this energy, I believe space is not empty because it has properties like curvature. How can emptiness curve? Think about it. Space has an underlying structure. Some theories like loop quantum gravity propose a structure such as quantum foam and so on.
In all space has energy. There is an experimental confirmation that, light does not require a medium to travel - the Michelson- Morley experiment. So you can argue that, light does not occupy space. But this space is talking about the physical space.
We cannot disprove that light cannot occupy a physical space but we can claim light occupies space if we take an abstraction on the nature of space. The nature of space in mind is that; space can be explained as any region where entities exist. Once an entity exist, it exist in space and there are different types of spaces you can think of. This abstraction implies that, our 3-dimensional space is just a subset of this abstraction. You cannot exist independent of space similarly time but we focus on space for now.
Mathematics deals with a lot of abstraction. So we switch to the mathematical notions of space and extend it to the physical world.
Mathematics deals mostly with sets which has elements pionts. If we have these points and some relation between them, we can call it a space. The only thing mathematics may have added to my idea is the existence of a relation but not just a mere existence. But still an entity requires existence for a rule to govern it.
Some types of mathematical spaces you can read about are Vector spaces, Euclidean space, Hilbert space, Metric space and Calabi Yau space. These spaces differ because of the relation between its elements. One space can differ from the other at the same time one space can emerge from another pointing to the fact that, a different spaces can be a subset of another space.
Translating this knowledge to the physical, with the help of the concept of symmetries, we can argue that one object in the physical space can also exist in two or more spaces at the same time. Even our 3-dimensional space can exist in another space since its not empty (imagine the vacuum energy is 0).
This is where I can say confidently that, since light exist, it cannot exist independent of a space. It cannot exist in the physical space, but exist in some other space but can permeate our physical space due to some properties it has
We have been able to show that light occupies space so we can extend it to God.
The same way light occupies space, God also occupies space. Since He exists and He's not an idea. Even ideas should exist in a space of some kind. But because its related to the problem of consciousness and I've not read much on it I do not want to touch on it. Maybe if I become a professional philosopher, I will touch on it.
Anyways He exist in a space. Whether this space can be created is a problem but i have an interesting answer.
If space is a region where entities reside, then if a space is a physical object as in our 3-dimensional space because of curvature and all that as discribed earlier, then it can exist in another space. Also, a space can exist in a space ad infinitum. Infinities and infinite regresses exist just that we don't have explanations for them, we run away from it by bringing in first causes and circular causality and other methods. Yeah infinities may not exist or make sense in the physical world but in the metaphysical world it does exist. Note we can have finite numbers of spaces.
Lastly, an object cannot create the space it finds its self in unless it is in another space undertaking that activity. Let's assume an object in a finite system of space. It cannot create the last space it finds itself in. Unless its created by a different being. But that being will also be in a space to create that space. So another being should create its space. If we imagine only one being in existence, then that being will also occupy space. Hence, space any can be create but in a unit of finite spaces, there should be one space that wasn't created for all the others to exist. I guess you know where this is going now?
A corollary follows that, if God is eternal which means he wasn't created, my favorite Thommy Aquinas puts it; Ipsum esse subsistent, then the space accompanying him or that accommodates him wasn't created and is just eternal as he is. Therefore space can be eternal.
This competes the proof. Yes in Christianity we have omnipotence but if God is omnipotent, think about this; God cannot create a stone so heavy that he cannot lift it. If the statement is true then he is not omnipotent if he can he is equally not omnipotent.
We've discussed the nature of space. We found out that, space means more than what physics presents us and that there can be other spaces that even our 3 - dimensional universe can reside. The notion of space has been influenced by how physics communicates space to the public this has resulted in a limited knowledge on this part of the universe. Hence, the use of space is limited to only the 3-dimensional space. Space was created if the creator was in another space we showed. Existence requires that you occupy space, so you cannot create the space you find yourself in. We acknowledged the fact that, an infinite system of space can exist and also a finite system of space can equally exist but our focus was to prove the existence of any other eternal entity aside God so we focused on the finite space since that will be of help. So if an entity is eternal then, the space it occupies is also eternal. Hence, we proved the existence of 2-eternal entities. I am going for n-eternal entities so I'll be glad if you raise the number to n more than 2. This has also made me understand how possible it is for God to lives live and not be affected by our space.